When your dog is in heat, she’s going through more than a physical change — her body is processing a surge of hormones, which can be stressful and confusing. During this time, many dogs become restless, clingy, or more vocal. Others may act quieter or more withdrawn than usual. All of these reactions are normal.
Comforting your dog doesn’t mean “fixing” what she’s feeling — it means supporting her through the process. Reducing stressors in her environment, keeping her routine steady, and offering reassurance can make her heat cycle much easier for both of you.
In the sections below, we’ll walk through the stages of the canine heat cycle, its typical timeline and duration, and several simple, safe ways to comfort a dog in heat.
Understanding the Dog Heat Cycle
Phase | Duration | Hormonal Changes | Physical Signs | Behavioral Signs | Notes / Tips |
Proestrus | 6–11 days | Rising estrogen | Swollen vulva, blood-tinged discharge | Playful, attracts male dogs but not receptive to mating | Normal for first stage; dog is not fertile yet |
Estrus | 5–9 days | Estrogen drops, progesterone rises, LH spikes | Lighter, straw-colored discharge, enlarged vulva | Seeks male dogs, restless, mounting, flirtatious behavior | Most fertile stage; avoid contact with intact males if pregnancy is not desired |
Diestrus | ~2 months | Elevated progesterone (first few weeks) | Vulva returns to normal size, discharge disappears | No interest in mating, possible false pregnancy signs | Hormone levels gradually decline; signs of false pregnancy may appear |
Anestrus | 4 months or longer | Low hormone levels | No discharge, normal vulva | Normal behavior | Resting phase; body resets for next heat cycle |
When caring for a dog in heat, it’s essential to understand the various phases of the heat cycle your dog undergoes. A dog's heat cycle has four phases:
When caring for a dog in heat, it helps to understand the four phases of her reproductive cycle. Each stage comes with its own hormonal shifts and behavioral changes.
1. Proestrus
Proestrus is the first phase of the heat cycle. During this stage, your dog’s vulva becomes swollen, and she may have a blood-tinged discharge. Bleeding usually lasts 6–11 days, caused by rising estrogen levels.
You may notice your dog acting more playful and attracting the attention of male dogs—but she will not be willing to mate yet. This is normal.
2. Estrus
Estrus follows proestrus and typically lasts 5–9 days, though it can vary slightly. During this time, estrogen levels drop, progesterone rises, and the luteinizing hormone spikes—these hormonal changes signal that your dog is now fertile.
Bleeding usually becomes lighter, and the discharge may appear more straw-colored. Her vulva remains enlarged.
This is the most fertile stage, so your dog may:
Seek out male dogs
Become more restless
Show mounting or flirtatious behavior
If you do not want a pregnancy, keep her away from intact male dogs throughout this entire phase.
3. Diestrus
Diestrus starts immediately after estrus and lasts about 2 months, whether or not your dog becomes pregnant. Progesterone remains elevated for the first few weeks, then gradually decreases.
Your dog will no longer show interest in mating. The vulva returns to normal size, and any discharge disappears. This phase is also when false pregnancy symptoms may appear in some dogs, due to high progesterone.
4. Anestrus
Anestrus is the resting stage between heat cycles. It usually lasts 4 months or longer, depending on the breed.
During this time:
There is no discharge
The vulva looks normal
Hormone levels remain low
Anestrus allows the body to reset before the next heat cycle begins.
Common Behaviors of a Female Dog in Heat
When a female dog is in heat, you may notice several behavioral changes driven by shifting hormone levels. These behaviors are normal and can vary from one dog to another. Common signs include:
Restlessness: She may pace, whine, or have trouble settling down.
Roaming: Some dogs try to escape the house or yard to search for male dogs.
Tail flagging: She may lift her tail to the side, especially when near male dogs.
Marking: Frequent urination or marking areas to spread her scent.
Licking: Increased grooming of the genital area due to discharge and swelling.
Mood shifts: She may seem clingy, irritable, unusually affectionate, or more withdrawn.
Mounting: Some females mount other dogs, people, or objects during estrus.
Pheromone attraction: Male dogs in the area may become very interested in her scent.
These behaviors are temporary and typically disappear once the heat cycle ends. If you’d like, I can also add tips on how to manage each behavior safely.
When Do Dogs Go Into Heat for the First Time
Dogs typically experience their first heat cycle between 6 and 15 months of age, but the timing varies widely based on breed and size. According to PetMD, small breeds may go into heat as early as 6 months, while large and giant breeds often begin much later—sometimes between 18 and 24 months.
These differences of dog period duration are normal. A dog’s growth rate, breed, genetics, and overall health can all influence when she reaches her first heat cycle.
How Long Do Dogs Bleed in Heat
Many pet parents wonder, “How long does a dog bleed when in heat?” This is one of the most common questions, especially for first-time dog owners.
Dogs typically bleed for 6–11 days during the first stage of the heat cycle, known as proestrus. The discharge is usually red at first and may gradually become lighter in color. In total, visible discharge can last 1–2 weeks, though the exact duration varies from dog to dog and often depends on her size and breed.
Keeping a simple log of your dog’s heat cycles can help you track patterns, anticipate changes, and prepare ahead for her next cycle.
How to Comfort a Dog in Heat
Wondering how to help a dog in heat? Below are effective, safe, and practical steps you can take to keep your dog comfortable throughout her cycle.
1. Home Remedies for a Dog in Heat
If your dog seems uncomfortable, a few gentle home remedies for a dog in heat can help her relax.
Pheromone diffusers (like Adaptil) can promote calm behavior.
Cooling mats, fans, or a breathable resting area help keep her comfortable, especially if she is panting more than usual.
White noise (waves, rain sounds, or soft music) reduces stress and blocked-out external triggers.
Essential oils: Use extreme caution. Only diffuse a very small amount, keep the diffuser out of her reach, and watch for sneezing, coughing, or irritation. Many oils are unsafe for dogs, so consult a veterinarian before using any essential oils or supplements.
2. Create a Quiet Den Area
Set up a calm, low-traffic room where your dog can rest undisturbed.
Provide:
soft, washable bedding
cozy blankets
white noise or calming music
a door or baby gate to keep intact males away
A private space helps her feel secure when she’s overstimulated or tired.
3. Set a Predictable Daily Routine
Dogs thrive on routine, and during heat cycles it becomes even more important.
Stick to consistent times for:
meals
potty breaks
short walks
rest or quiet time
A predictable rhythm helps reduce anxiety and overstimulation.
4. Use Gentle, Leashed Exercise
Short, calm walks are a great way to keep your dog physically and mentally relaxed.
Walk during quiet hours when fewer dogs are out.
Always use a leash, even in fenced areas.
Avoid dog parks and areas with many intact males.
Add sniff walks or snuffle games at home to give her mental enrichment without overstimulation.
5. Offer Long-Lasting, Single-Ingredient Chews
Chewing releases “feel-good” hormones like dopamine and serotonin, helping your dog self-soothe.
Choose:
single-ingredient chews
vet-approved, easily digestible options
Always supervise chewing to prevent choking or swallowing large pieces.
6. Add Lick Mats and Food Puzzles
Lick mats and puzzle feeders give your dog something relaxing and rewarding to focus on.
Spread safe foods like:
peanut butter (xylitol-free)
pumpkin purée
soft dog-safe pâté
plain yogurt
These activities help reduce anxiety and restlessness.
7. Prioritize Hydration and Small, High-Value Meals
Make sure fresh water is always available.
If her appetite decreases:
offer small, tasty meals rather than large portions
warm her food slightly to enhance the aroma
avoid pressure or force-feeding
A little encouragement goes further than pushing her to eat.
8. Manage Discharge Hygienically
Keeping your dog clean prevents irritation and odor.
Use properly fitted dog diapers and change them every 4–6 hours (or sooner if wet).
Wipe the area gently with pet-safe wipes before putting on a new diaper.
Trim long fur around the area to prevent matting and skin irritation.
Comfort and hygiene go hand in hand during heat cycles.
9. Cool, Calm Environment
A cool, quiet space helps reduce stress.
Fans or cooling mats
Open windows (when safe)
Reduced loud noises and household chaos
Monitor her for heavy panting or signs of overheating.
10. Hands-On Comfort (When Invited)
Many dogs become more affectionate or clingy during heat.
Offer comfort through:
gentle petting
calm talking
slow brushing
But always respect her boundaries. Teach family members to avoid crowding her or touching her when she signals that she wants space.
11. Secure the Home and Yard
A dog in heat may try to run off to find male dogs—and males may try to reach her.
To keep her safe:
supervise all outdoor time
keep her on a leash, even in fenced yards
check the fence for gaps
ensure she has a microchip and ID tag
Prevention is essential during this phase.
12. Avoid Triggers
Lower her exposure to stressful or risky situations.
Avoid:
dog parks
high-traffic walking areas
loud noises or rough play
unknown dogs (especially intact males)
Stick to quiet walks and calm environments until her cycle ends.
13. Plan Ahead (Supplies + Tracker)
Preparation makes each heat cycle easier.
Keep on hand:
dog diapers
unscented pet-safe wipes
extra bedding
waterproof throws
enzyme cleaner
Tracking her cycles in a log helps you notice patterns and predict future heats. Your veterinarian can also guide you on what’s normal and when to seek help.
How to Relieve a Male Dog in Heat?
Male dogs do not experience heat cycles, but they can become highly stimulated and stressed when a nearby female is in heat. Managing an intact male during this time is mostly about distance, scent control, and distraction.
1. Increase Distance or Separation
The most effective solution is keeping your male dog physically separated from any female in heat.
Use:
separate rooms
closed doors
baby gates
crates (for short periods only)
If they live in the same household, separation is essential for both safety and stress reduction.
2. Manage Scent Exposure
A female in heat releases pheromones that can be detected from far away.
To reduce scent intensity:
keep windows closed
use air purifiers or fans
bathe the female gently with a vet-approved cleanser
keep both dogs indoors as much as possible
This won’t eliminate pheromones entirely, but it can help lessen your male dog’s overstimulation.
3. Provide Physical Exercise and Mental Enrichment
A tired dog is easier to redirect. Offer your male dog:
longer walks (away from the female)
puzzle toys
sniffing games
obedience drills
chew toys
Mental work is especially effective at reducing frustration.
4. Reinforce Obedience Training
Commands like “sit,” “stay,” “leave it,” and “come” help redirect your dog’s attention during moments of excitement or fixation. Short, frequent training sessions also provide a productive outlet for his energy.
5. Consider Boarding or Scheduling Adjustments
If separation at home is difficult, temporary boarding or having a trusted friend, pet sitter, or family member take one of the dogs is often the easiest solution. This approach keeps both dogs safe and reduces household stress.
6. Discuss Neutering With Your Veterinarian
Neutering doesn’t eliminate all male interest in females in heat, but it significantly reduces hormonal drive over time. Your vet can help you decide the right age and whether it’s appropriate for your dog’s health, breed, and lifestyle.
Do Dogs Pant When in Heat?
Yes, mild panting can be normal for a dog in heat. Hormonal changes, excitement, and stress can all make her breathe a little faster than usual. Light panting—without other symptoms—is generally nothing to worry about.
However, heavy, constant panting, especially if it’s paired with drooling, restlessness, lethargy, vomiting, or signs of pain, is not normal. These may indicate overheating, discomfort, or another medical issue.
If your dog is panting excessively or showing additional concerning signs, contact your veterinarian right away.
Do Dogs Get Diarrhea When in Heat?
Yes, some dogs may experience mild loose stools during their heat cycle. This can be caused by:
hormonal fluctuations
stress related to the heat cycle
slight changes in appetite or diet
However, if the diarrhea is severe, lasts longer than 24–48 hours, or is accompanied by symptoms like vomiting, lethargy, or loss of appetite, you should contact your veterinarian. Persistent or severe diarrhea may indicate an underlying health issue that requires attention.
Do Dogs Lose Their Appetite When They Are in Heat?
It is normal for dogs in heat to eat less for a short period. Reduced appetite can result from:
physical discomfort
hormonal changes
behavioral distractions
To support your dog during this time:
Offer small, high-value meals rich in protein, vitamins, and minerals.
Provide fresh, clean water at all times.
Consider supplements like omega-3 fatty acids to help reduce inflammation and support overall health (after consulting your veterinarian).
However, if your dog refuses all food for 24–48 hours or shows concerning symptoms such as lethargy, weakness, vomiting, or diarrhea, contact your veterinarian promptly.
Do Dogs Feel Bad When They Are in Heat?
Dogs do not experience emotional distress in the human sense when they are in heat, but they can feel physical and behavioral discomfort, which is completely normal.
Being in heat is a natural reproductive cycle, not an illness. While some behaviors may make it seem like your dog is unwell, they are expected, including:
swollen vulva
spotting or light bleeding
mild changes in appetite
restlessness or fatigue
clinginess or increased affection
mild anxiety
These signs do not indicate sickness.
Important: Never give your dog human pain medications, as many are toxic to dogs. Instead, provide safe comfort options such as:
pheromone diffusers
chew toys
gentle exercise
calm, undivided attention
These approaches help your dog feel supported and relaxed during her heat cycle.
When to Call the Vet
Situation / Symptom | Why It Matters / Action |
Foul-smelling or pus-like discharge | May indicate infection; requires vet attention |
Diapers soaked every hour | Could signal excessive bleeding or other issues |
Fever or marked lethargy | Signs of illness or infection |
Pale gums | Possible blood loss or shock |
Vomiting or abdominal pain/distention | Could indicate pyometra or digestive issues |
Excessive thirst or urination | May point to infection or systemic illness |
Collapse | Emergency—seek immediate veterinary care |
No heat by ~24 months (except giant breeds) | May indicate hormonal or developmental issues |
Heat cycles <4 months or >10 months apart | Abnormal cycles; vet consultation recommended |
Bleeding >3 weeks | Could signal reproductive or hormonal disorder |
Distressing false pregnancy | May require vet evaluation for behavioral or physical support |
Early consultation ensures timely care and helps prevent serious health issues.
Conclusion
Comforting a dog during her heat cycle is primarily about gentle care, patience, and creating a safe, calm environment. You can help reduce stress and anxiety by providing soft bedding, a quiet retreat, consistent routines, and attentive, reassuring interaction. With these simple steps, you can make your dog feel supported, comfortable, and secure throughout her cycle.
Frequently Asked Questions
How can you help an older dog in heat?
For older dogs, the focus should be on comfort and gentle care. Provide a calm and quiet environment, maintain hygiene with dog diapers, and manage her energy with gentle activities. Ensuring she has access to fresh water, a cool and comfortable resting area, and plenty of attention is essential for her well-being during this time.
What precautions should be taken when a dog is in heat and will be around other dogs?
According to PetMD, preventing unwanted mating is crucial. Keep your dog on a leash at all times, avoid areas where other dogs congregate, such as dog parks, and never leave her unsupervised outdoors, even in a fenced yard. These measures help reduce stress and prevent accidental pregnancies.
How to clean my female dog in heat?
You can use gentle, dog-safe wipes for spot cleaning, or give her a bath with warm water and a mild dog shampoo if necessary. Avoid harsh soaps or chemicals, as these can irritate her sensitive skin during the heat cycle.
How to comfort a dog in heat with a fever?
If your dog develops a fever while in heat, it is important to ensure she stays hydrated, cool, and rested. Contact a veterinarian promptly, and never give human medications such as ibuprofen or Tylenol, as these are toxic to dogs. Following professional guidance is the safest way to manage her condition.
How long do dogs bleed in heat first time?
During a dog’s first heat, bleeding typically lasts between seven and ten days, although some dogs may experience slightly shorter or longer periods. This variation is normal and generally not a cause for concern unless accompanied by other unusual symptoms.
