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Characteristics, History, and Health
Saint Miguel Cattle Dog
The Saint Miguel Cattle Dog, also known as the Cão Fila de São Miguel, is a herding breed native to the São Miguel Island in the Azores, an archipelago in the North Atlantic Ocean belonging to Portugal. This breed's name roughly translates to Saint Miguel Catch Dog, reflecting its historical role in catching and holding livestock. This breed was originally developed for working with livestock on the island. The breed's exact origins are unclear, but they likely descended from local dogs mixed with imported breeds during the 19th century, when there was an influx of cattle to the island. They were traditionally used to control and guard livestock and were known for their ability to work independently and make decisions without human direction.
Main Info
- Origin
- Azores (Portugal)
- Alternate Names
- Cão Fila de São Miguel
- Life Expectancy
- 12-15 years
- Average Male Height
- 20-24 inches
- Average Female Height
- 19-23 inches
- Average Male Weight
- 55-77 pounds
- Average Female Weight
- 50-66 pounds
- Coat Length
- Short
- Coat Type
- Dense
- Coat Colors
- Fawn, Brindle, Fawn Brindle, Gray Brindle
- Coat Pattern
- Black Mask, White Markings
Genetic Predispositions and Health
Saint Miguel Cattle Dogs are known to be generally healthy dogs, but as a larger breed they are at risk for developing orthopedic problems, such as hip and elbow dysplasia. Genetic testing is recommended, including for the following specific conditions: hyperuricosoria, degenerative myelopathy, and progressive rod-cone degeneration. They can also be susceptible to ear infections, which are common in breeds with droopy ears.
Personality and Behavior
Saint Miguel Cattle Dogs are known for their intelligence, independence, and strong herding instincts. They can be protective and wary of strangers, making them excellent guard dogs. However, they're also known to be loyal and affectionate with their families. Due to their working heritage, these dogs require a lot of physical and mental stimulation. Without adequate exercise and engagement, they may become bored and potentially destructive. They are not typically recommended for first-time dog owners due to their need for firm, consistent training.
Fun Facts
Unlike many other herding breeds, the Saint Miguel Cattle Dog does not "round up" its charges; instead, it controls them by "catching" the necks of unruly cattle with its strong jaws. This catch-and-hold behavior is reflected in the breed's Portuguese name.
The breed's unique coat texture is described as "stony" because of its coarse, dense nature that gives an almost stone-like appearance.
The breed is not well-known outside of its native Azores, but it is considered a national treasure in its homeland and is featured in various local festivals and parades.
References
https://www.fci.be/en/nomenclature/SAINT-MIGUEL-CATTLE-DOG-340.html
https://www.cpc.pt/en/breeds/portuguese-breeds/saint-miguel-cattle-dog/
https://www.roysfarm.com/saint-miguel-cattle-dog/
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