Disease overview

Protein-losing nephropathy (PLN) found in Soft-Coated Wheaten Terriers is a complex, adult-onset nephropathy (a term used to describe kidney damage or disease). This damage can extend to the glomerulus, an important part of the kidney that filters waste from the blood and initiates urine formation. This waste typically includes urea, creatinine, sodium, water, and other small molecules that are meant to pass out of the body through the urine. With PLN, however, the filtering function is compromised from kidney damage, allowing larger molecules and essential proteins to pass through instead of being retained for use by the body.

Gene name

KIRREL2, NPHS1

Inheritance

Complex

Signs and symptoms

Clinical signs typically present in adulthood, around 6-8 years of age. These can include muscle wasting, accumulation of fluids presenting as edema, excessive thirst, and excess urination. In cases of kidney failure, signs such as vomiting, poor appetite, lethargy, and changes in thirst and urination may occur.

How is it diagnosed

A veterinarian will conduct a thorough exam, including a review of health history and any clinical signs. Diagnostics will likely include urine and blood testing. Genetic testing is necessary to determine if there is an underlying genetic cause, which can assist veterinarians with diagnosis and help breeders identify affected and carrier dogs.

Breeds at higher risk

Citations

Littman MP, Wiley CA, Raducha MG, Henthorn PS. Glomerulopathy and mutations in NPHS1 and KIRREL2 in soft-coated Wheaten Terrier dogs. Mamm Genome. 2013 Apr;24(3-4):119-26. doi: 10.1007/s00335-012-9445-8. Epub 2013 Jan 17. PMID: 23325127.

Disclaimer

Disease diagnosis and treatment should always be performed by a veterinarian. The following information is for educational purposes only.