Disease overview

Respiratory distress syndrome, also known as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), is characterized by an exaggerated inflammatory response within the lungs. This condition is associated with the ANLN gene, which encodes for an aniline actin-binding protein. In dogs affected by ARDS, a truncation of the ANLN gene occurs, resulting in a lack of this important binding protein. Both aniline and actin play pivotal roles in muscle contraction and in cell movements, so without enough of the binding protein, the respiratory cells cannot align properly. This compromises the ability of the respiratory system to function, leading to ARDS and, in some cases, sudden death.

Gene name

ANLN

Inheritance

Autosomal recessive

Signs and symptoms

Puppies with ARDS typically present with clinical signs around 7 months of age. These signs include increased heart rate, difficult or labored breathing, and respiratory failure.

How is it diagnosed

A veterinarian will conduct a thorough exam, as well as review health history and any clinical signs. Genetic testing is necessary to determine if there is an underlying genetic cause, which can assist veterinarians with diagnosis and help breeders identify affected and carrier dogs.

Breeds at higher risk

Citations

Holopainen S, Hytönen MK, Syrjä P, Arumilli M, Järvinen AK, Rajamäki M, Lohi H. ANLN truncation causes a familial fatal acute respiratory distress syndrome in Dalmatian dogs. PLoS Genet. 2017 Feb 21;13(2):e1006625. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006625. PMID: 28222102; PMCID: PMC5340406.

Disclaimer

Disease diagnosis and treatment should always be performed by a veterinarian. The following information is for educational purposes only.