Disease overview

Complement component 3 (C3) is a protein of the immune system that is in charge of triggering a process used in immune defense and the activation of immune cells. C3 deficiency is an immune condition that can lead to recurring infections, as well as kidney disease.

Gene name

C3

Inheritance

Autosomal recessive

Signs and symptoms

C3 deficiency leads to recurrent infections, with skin and respiratory infections being the most common. Signs of kidney disease include increased thirst and urination, as well as decreased appetite. These signs develop at a young age.

How is it diagnosed

A veterinarian will conduct a thorough exam, including a review of health history and any clinical signs. Genetic testing is necessary to determine if there is an underlying genetic cause, which can assist veterinarians with diagnosis and help breeders identify affected and carrier dogs.

Breeds at higher risk

Citations

Johnson JP, McLean RH, Cork LC, Winkelstein JA. Genetic analysis of an inherited deficiency of the third component of complement in Brittany spaniel dogs. Am J Med Genet. 1986 Nov;25(3):557-62. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.1320250319. PMID: 3789016.

Disclaimer

Disease diagnosis and treatment should always be performed by a veterinarian. The following information is for educational purposes only.