Affenpinscher

The Affenpinscher is a small toy breed that originated in Germany, dating back to the 17th century. They were originally bred to be rat catchers in homes and stables, making them skilled hunters. The name "Affenpinscher" translates to "monkey-like terrier" in German, referring to their distinctive facial features resembling that of a monkey.

Afghan Hound

The Afghan Hound is an ancient breed known for its regal appearance and impressive coat. The breed's origins can be traced back thousands of years to Afghanistan and the surrounding regions. Afghan Hounds are believed to be one of the oldest dog breeds in existence, with depictions of similar-looking dogs appearing in ancient Egyptian and Mesopotamian art. These dogs were originally bred by nomadic tribes to assist with hunting in the rugged terrain and harsh climate of the Afghan mountains.

The breed was introduced to the Western world in the early 20th century when British soldiers stationed in Afghanistan during the Afghan War brought them back to England. The Afghan Hound's striking appearance quickly gained attention, and it soon became a sought-after breed among dog enthusiasts and nobility. 

Airedale Terrier

The Airedale Terrier is a breed of dog that originated in the Aire Valley of Yorkshire, England, during the mid-19th century. It was developed by crossbreeding the Otterhound and the Old English Black and Tan Terrier, with the goal of creating a versatile and fearless working dog capable of hunting various game, including otters and rats.

The breed gained popularity in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, particularly in the United Kingdom and the United States, where it was used for hunting, police work, and as a military dog during World War I. Its intelligence, loyalty, and versatility also made it popular as a family companion.

Akbash

The Akbash Dog is a breed that originated in Turkey and is known for its excellent livestock guarding abilities. The Akbash Dog has a long history that can be traced back several thousand years to the region of Mesopotamia, which encompasses modern-day Turkey. They were primarily bred and used by nomadic shepherds to protect livestock, particularly sheep, from predators such as wolves and bears. The breed's name, Akbash, translates to white head in Turkish, referring to their distinctive white coat and head coloration. They have a double coat that consists of a thick, dense undercoat and a slightly longer, coarser outer coat. Their coat color is predominantly white, which helps them blend with their flock and provides camouflage.

Akita (Japanese and American)

The Akita Inu, commonly referred to as the Akita, is a powerful and majestic dog breed that originated in Japan. They were originally developed as hunting dogs and were highly valued for their strength, agility, and bravery. The breed's ancestors were known as Matagi Akitas, which were used to hunt large game, such as boar, deer, and even bears. Over time, the Akita breed was refined and standardized through selective breeding.

During the 17th century, the Akita was used as a fighting dog in Japan's dog-fighting pits. However, in the early 20th century, a movement arose to preserve the breed's original characteristics and promote its status as a national treasure of Japan. This led to the establishment of the Akita breed standard in 1934 by the Akita Inu Hozankai Society, which defined the breed's distinctive features. "

Alapaha Blue Blood Bulldog

The Alapaha Blue Blood Bulldog is a rare breed of dog that is believed to have originated in Southern United States, specifically in Georgia, in the 19th century. The breed was primarily developed by a Georgia-based family, the Lanes, to serve as a multi-purpose working dog that was capable of guarding the plantation and its inhabitants, as well as being able to herd livestock. It was Papa Buck Lane, in particular, who is recognized for standardizing the breed in the 1800s.

The Alapaha Blue Blood Bulldog name itself was only coined in the late 20th century by another breeder named Lana Lou Lane. The term Blue Blood refers to the noble or aristocratic lineage that these dogs supposedly have, and Alapaha is the name of a river in Georgia.

The breed, being on the verge of extinction in the early 1980s, was brought back from the brink by the breeding program implemented by Lana Lou Lane and through the foundation of the Alapaha Blue-Blood Bulldog Association (ABBA) in 1986."

Alaskan Klee Kai (Toy, Miniature and Standard)

The Alaskan Klee Kai is a relatively recent breed that was first developed in the 1970s in Alaska by a breeder named Linda Spurlin. It was her aim to create a dog that looked like a smaller version of the Siberian and Alaskan Huskies. The breed's name roughly translates to "small dog" in the Inuit language. To reach her goal, Spurlin mixed Alaskan and Siberian Huskies with smaller breeds such as the American Eskimo Dog and Schipperke. The breed was officially recognized by the American Rare Breed Association (ARBA) in 1995 and by the United Kennel Club (UKC) in 1997.

Alaskan Malamute

The Alaskan Malamute is a large breed of domestic dog originally bred for their strength and endurance to haul heavy freight as a sled dog. They are similar to other arctic breeds, like the Greenland dog, Canadian Eskimo Dog, the Siberian Husky, and the Samoyed. They are believed to be one of the oldest breeds involved in this sport in the Arctic. The Alaskan Malamute was named after the native Inuit tribe called the Mahlemuts, who settled in Alaska. They have been used for centuries by these native people to pull sleds, hunt seals, and chase away polar bears. This breed was shaped by the difficult climate of the Arctic region, like many breeds in the spitz family. 

Alpine Dachsbracke

The Alpine Dachsbracke is a small breed of dog of the scent hound type originating in Austria. These dogs were bred to track wounded deer and other game, with their history going back to the 19th century. Alpine Dachsbrackes are known for their robust build, making them excellent working dogs in steep, rocky terrain. 

American Bulldog

The American Bulldog is a breed of utility dog. It is descended from the Old English Bulldog and is considered to be the standard variety of Bulldog by many. The American Bulldog's ancestors were used for bull baiting in England until the mid-19th century, when such sports were outlawed and the breed's utility shifted towards farm use. When brought to America by early immigrants, these dogs were used as catch dogs for cattle and hogs, helping to manage livestock on farms.

During World War II, the breed nearly went extinct, but efforts by breeders like John D. Johnson and Alan Scott helped to revive the breed, focusing on different traits to create the Johnson and Scott types, which represent the bigger, more Mastiff-like bulldogs and the lighter, more agile bulldogs, respectively."

American Cocker Spaniel

Spaniels are thought to have originated in Spain. The English Cocker Spaniel was brought to America in the 17th century, but over time, American breeders started developing a dog that was smaller, had a more domed head, and a shorter muzzle. This selective breeding resulted in the American Cocker Spaniel, which was recognized as its own breed by the American Kennel Club (AKC) in 1878.

American Eskimo (Miniature and Standard)

The American Eskimo Dog is a member of the Spitz family, characterized by their fox-like appearance with a thick double coat, erect triangular ears, and bushy tails that curl over their backs. Despite its name, the American Eskimo Dog is not originally from Alaska nor associated with Eskimo cultures. Rather, it has German roots and is related to the German Spitz.

This breed was brought to the United States by German immigrants in the early 20th century. Its name was changed during World War I due to anti-German sentiment, and the new name was chosen to honor the beautiful and hardworking dogs of the North American Eskimo people. They were originally used as farm dogs, and they gained significant popularity in the 1930s and 1940s as performing dogs in circus acts throughout the United States. 

American Foxhound

The American Foxhound's origins trace back to the early 18th century in the United States, making it one of the earliest and few breeds native to the U.S. Englishman Robert Brooke brought hunting dogs to the colony of Maryland in 1650, which later became the basis for the American Foxhound. George Washington, an avid foxhunter, received several French hounds from the Marquis de Lafayette in 1785, which he crossbred with his dogs, further developing the breed.

The breed played a crucial role in the development of several other types of hounds in the United States, including the Treeing Walker Coonhound and the Coonhound. However, despite its long history and influence, the breed is not widely recognized outside the United States.

American Hairless Terrier (Hairless and Coated)

The American Hairless Terrier is a small to medium-sized breed of dog that originated in the United States. This breed's history is fairly recent, dating back to the 1970s when a hairless puppy named ""Josephine"" was born into a litter of Rat Terriers. The breeders, Edwin and Willie Scott, were intrigued by this anomaly and began a selective breeding program to establish a new breed that became known as the American Hairless Terrier.

American Pit Bull Terrier

The term Pit Bull refers to several breeds, including the American Pit Bull Terrier, American Staffordshire Terrier, Staffordshire Bull Terrier, and some mixed-breed dogs. They came about through breeding efforts in England, Ireland, and Scotland in the 19th century to create a dog that had the strength and athleticism of the Bulldog, and the gameness that terriers were known for. They were used for various tasks like hunting, guarding, and companionship. These bull-and-terrier crosses were brought to the United States in the mid-1800s, where they were utilized in farm and ranch work and became loyal family pets.

American Staffordshire Terrier

The American Staffordshire Terrier is a cousin of the Pit Bull Terrier. They were created by breeding old terriers such as the English Smooth Terrier, White English Terrier, and/or the Black-and-Tan Terrier with an old variety of Bulldogs.

The American Staffordshire Terrier, often affectionately referred to as Amstaff, is a breed of dog that has its origins in the Staffordshire region of England. The breed was initially developed in the 19th century for bull baiting, ratting, and later for dog fighting due to its courage, tenacity, and muscular build. In the mid-19th century, the breed was brought to the United States, where it was further refined and increased in size. 

American Water Spaniel

The American Water Spaniel (AWS) is a versatile breed known for its excellent hunting skills, companionship qualities, and unique appearance. Originating in the United States in the mid-19th century, the AWS was developed in the Midwest region, primarily in Wisconsin, Minnesota, and Michigan.

It is believed that other water-loving breeds like the Irish Water Spaniel and the Curly-Coated Retriever could be among the AWS' ancestors. Bred to be an all-around hunting dog, the AWS was valued for its ability to retrieve from small boats, which was a common requirement during market hunting in the Great Lakes region.

Anatolian Shepherd

The Kangal Dog, also known as the Anatolian Shepherd, is an ancient breed that originated in the Kangal District of Sivas Province in Central Turkey. Kangal Dogs are a large and robust breed with a strong genetic predisposition for livestock guarding. Their genetic makeup equips them with keen senses and remarkable strength, making them exceptional protectors. They were primarily used by Turkish shepherds to guard and protect livestock, mainly sheep, from predators such as wolves, bears, and other wild animals. The breed's lineage can be traced back thousands of years, making it one of the oldest and most respected shepherd dog breeds in the world.

Appenzell Cattle Dog

The Appenzeller Sennenhund, also known as the Appenzell Mountain Dog, is one of four Swiss Sennenhunds - mountain dogs used for herding in Switzerland. This breed dates back several thousand years, and it is believed to be descended from general Sennenhund-type dogs of the Swiss Alps. The Appenzeller was primarily used as a cattle herding dog, as it is very agile and tireless. It is also a robust and versatile working dog, capable of performing tasks ranging from guarding to draft work (i.e., pulling heavy loads). The Swiss Appenzeller Club was established in 1906 to ensure the breed's survival and maintain its characteristics, as there was a concern about potential breed dilution due to interbreeding with dogs from outside the Alps region. While they are well known in Switzerland, the breed is not as widespread internationally but is recognized by major kennel clubs like the American Kennel Club (AKC).

Ariege Pointing Dog

The Ariège Pointer, also known as the Braque d'Ariège, is a French dog breed known for its sharp sense of smell and strong hunting instincts. They are particularly skilled at tracking game by scent and then pointing towards the game for the hunter. Despite its rich historical background, there's limited information about this breed due to its rarity and limited geographical distribution.

The Ariège Pointer is believed to have been developed in the 19th century in France, specifically in the Ariège region, hence the breed's name. The breed was created by crossing old-type Braque Français and regional hounds to yield a strong, efficient hunting dog capable of handling the rugged terrains of the region. However, World Wars I and II led to a significant decline in the breed's population, almost leading to its extinction. Since then, devoted breeders have worked to restore and preserve the breed.

Ariegois

The Ariegeois is a relatively modern breed that was developed in the Ariege region of the French Pyrenees in the late 19th and early 20th century. This breed was initially developed for hunting, specifically for chasing hares and other small game, as well as tracking scents over long distances.

The Ariegeois was created by crossing the Grand Bleu de Gascogne with the local Briquet and some smaller Pyrenean hounds. The breed was officially recognized by the French Kennel Club in 1907. Despite their long history, these dogs are not widely recognized outside of their native region.

Artois Hound

The Artois Hound, also known as the Chien d'Artois, is a rare breed that has a lineage that dates back to the 15th century in France, making it one of the oldest scent hound breeds. They were primarily bred and utilized for hunting in the Artois region of France, hence their name. The breed was especially appreciated by French nobility for their hunting abilities. They were originally used for hunting small game, but their excellent scenting abilities and persistence made them efficient for larger game as well, like deer and boar.

During the 19th and 20th centuries, the breed nearly went extinct due to crossbreeding with other breeds, particularly the English Foxhound, to improve their speed and stamina. Efforts to resurrect the breed began in the late 1970s, and since then, the Artois Hound has been slowly recovering, although it remains a rare breed.

Australian Cattle Dog

The Australian Cattle Dog, also known as the Blue Heeler, Queensland Heeler, or simply Cattle Dog, is a robust, agile, and intelligent breed with a deep-rooted history in herding. The Australian Cattle Dog was developed during the 19th century in Australia for driving cattle over long distances across rough terrain. Early settlers had initially used the Smithfield breed, but these dogs could not handle the harsh environment. The settlers bred a series of dogs to suit their needs, leading to the creation of the Australian Cattle Dog. The breed is believed to be a result of selective breeding involving dogs such as the Dingo-blue merle Collie crosses, Dalmatians, and Black and Tan Kelpies.

Australian Kelpie

The Australian Kelpie's history traces back to the late 19th century, with the breed's name reportedly derived from a mythological being from Celtic folklore known as the Kelpie, a water spirit often appearing in the form of a horse. It's believed that the Australian Kelpie was developed through crossbreeding imported dogs from Scotland, predominantly Collies, with native Australian Dingoes. The Australian Kelpie was developed to help herd large amounts of sheep in Australia. Selective breeding ensured its ability to work in heat, dust storms, and to manage rough terrain and cover vast distances (often up to 30 miles in one day).

Australian Shepherd

Contrary to what its name suggests, the Australian Shepherd did not originate in Australia, but rather in the United States around the time of the Gold Rush in the 1840s. These dogs were initially bred by Basque shepherds who emigrated to America from Australia, which is likely the source of their name. They are descendants from a line of Europe’s finest herders. As a working breed, these dogs were valued by cowboys for their incredible herding traits, versatility, intelligence, and high energy levels.

Australian Silky Terrier

The Silky Terrier, also known as the Australian Silky Terrier, is a small breed of dog that originated in Australia. Silky Terriers were originally bred in the late 19th and early 20th century as a companion and vermin hunting dog. They came about through selective breeding of imported Yorkshire Terriers and native Australian Terriers, resulting in a breed that shares attributes with both, but unique in its own right. They were initially known as Sydney Silky, a nod to their city of origin. Later, the breed's name was officially changed to Australian Silky Terrier.

Australian Terrier

The Australian Terrier is a small, robust breed developed in Australia, with roots dating back to the 19th century. The breed was created by settlers during the 1800s, who needed a dog capable of surviving in Australia's harsh climate, and effective at dealing with vermin and snakes on their properties. Its ancestors are thought to include a mix of several British breeds, such as the Rough Coated Terrier, the Cairn Terrier, the Dandie Dinmont Terrier, and the Yorkshire Terrier.

Auvergne Pointing Dog

The Auvergne Pointing Dog, also known as the Braque d'Auvergne, is a medium to large breed of hunting dog that originated in the mountain area of Cantal, in the historic Auvergne region in the mid-south of France. The breed is thought to have developed in the 19th century, although its exact origins are unclear. It's believed to have descended from local hounds and possibly Spanish Pointers that were introduced into France in the 17th century.

These dogs were bred for their exceptional pointing and retrieving abilities, making them valuable companions for hunters. Over the centuries, Auvergne Pointing Dogs were selected for their speed, endurance, and keen sense of smell, qualities that made them excellent at tracking and pointing game, primarily birds.

Azawakh

The Azawakh is an ancient breed that originated in the Sahel region of Africa, specifically in countries like Mali, Niger, and Burkina Faso. For centuries, the nomadic Tuareg people have used these dogs as hunters, companions, and guardians, valued for their speed, agility, and alertness. The breed is considered a part of the sight hound group, which are breeds known for their exceptional vision and high-speed chase ability. Azawakhs were introduced to Europe in the late 1970s and to North America in the 1980s.

Barbet

The Barbet is a French water dog, which is a medium-sized breed with a dense, curly coat, commonly seen in black, brown, or fawn. This breed is known for its intelligence, friendly demeanor, and versatility as a working dog. The Barbet's origins trace back to the 16th century in France, where it was initially used as a waterfowl retriever. The Barbet is said to be a proto-poodle, meaning that it is the breed from which the poodle was developed. The name Barbet comes from the French word barbe, which means beard, referring to the beard-like fur on the dog's face. Over the years, the breed has taken on many roles, including as a sailor's helper, a herder, and even a companion to ladies at the French court. 

During the World Wars, the Barbet breed faced the danger of extinction. However, efforts in the 20th century helped to revive the breed. It's now growing in popularity, particularly as a companion dog. An estimated 1,350 Barbets now exist in North America, and their numbers are said to be growing.

Basenji

The Basenji is a small to medium-sized dog breed that hails from Central Africa, known for its unique qualities, including a distinctive yodel-like sound, often referred to as a ""barroo,"" and a somewhat cat-like personality. The Basenji breed is an ancient one, believed to have origins in Central Africa, particularly in regions like the Congo Basin. The breed is famously associated with the ancient Egyptians who revered the Basenji-like dogs. In fact, tomb carvings and sculptures dating back to the Old Kingdom around 4,000 years ago depict dogs that strongly resemble the Basenji. These ancient dogs were cherished as gifts and were known for their hunting skills.

Basset Artésien Normand

The Basset Artésien Normand is a dog breed that was developed in France. Its origins trace back to the 19th century, where it was initially bred to be a scent hound and used for hunting small game. The breed's name ""Basset Artésien Normand"" reflects its geographical origin. ""Basset"" refers to its short stature (a term used for low-set dogs), Artésien refers to the Artois region in France, and Normand pertains to Normandy.

This breed resulted from a cross between two native French hound breeds, the Basset Normand and the Basset d'Artois. It is considered a unique breed due to its distinct physical characteristics, mainly the shorter legs, compared to other hounds, that provide it with an exceptional sense of smell close to the ground. These dogs gained popularity in France during the late 19th and early 20th centuries but remain less known in other parts of the world.

Basset Fauve De Bretagne

The Basset Fauve de Bretagne is a small hound breed originating from France. These dogs were originally bred for hunting, particularly for tracking and chasing small game. The name ""Fauve de Bretagne"" translates to fawn-colored Brittany, which describes the dog's unique, wire-coated, fawn-colored fur.

The breed dates back to the 19th century in the region of Brittany, France. These dogs are believed to descend from the now-extinct Grand Fauve de Bretagne, a larger hound used for hunting boar and wolves. When boar and wolves became less common, hunters needed a smaller dog capable of hunting smaller game. Hence, the Basset Fauve de Bretagne was developed through selective breeding for their tracking abilities and smaller size.

Basset Hound

The Basset Hound is a distinctive breed, recognized and loved for its distinctive, droopy ears and short, stout stature.

The Basset Hound breed traces its roots back to France and Belgium in the 1500s, where they were primarily used for hunting small game such as rabbits. The name Basset is derived from the French word bas, which translates to low, a clear reference to the breed's short, low-slung body. Basset Hounds were bred for their scenting abilities, second only to the Bloodhound, and their short stature enabled them to navigate dense brush easily. The breed was imported to England in the mid-1800s and from there to the United States.

Bavarian Mountain Scenthound

The Bavarian Mountain Scenthound, also known as the Bavarian Mountain Hound and in the German language as the Bayerischer Gebirgsschweißhund, is a breed of working dog originating from Germany. These dogs are distinguished by their robust and agile bodies, as well as their notable scenting skills.

The breed's roots are traced back to the early 20th century in Bavaria, Germany, where it was developed for the specific purpose of tracking wounded game in the mountainous regions. Its lineage includes the ancient Hanoverian Hound. The breed's exceptional scenting ability, combined with its agility and endurance, made it a natural choice for hunters seeking an adept tracking dog.

Beagle

The Beagle breed has origins that can be traced back to Roman times, but the Beagle as we know it today was developed in the 19th century in England. Beagles were bred for the purpose of hunting small game, particularly rabbits, due to their excellent sense of smell. This breed's sense of smell is only surpassed by the Bloodhound. They were also prized for their compact size, allowing a pack of Beagles to be transported easily for a day of hunting.

Beagles are sometimes referred to as foot hounds, which meant that no horse was necessary to hunt with these dogs. Following the Civil War, Beagles began arriving in America. They were immediately popular with rabbit hunters.

Beauceron

The Beauceron is a breed of large herding dogs that originated in France, specifically in the region known as La Beauce, from which it derives its name.

The Beauceron's history dates back several centuries, with the earliest records appearing in the late 1500s. This breed was initially used for various roles such as herding livestock, guarding properties, and even participating in military operations. In the late 19th century, French breeders standardized the Beauceron breed, with the first breed standard established in 1897.

Bedlington Terrier

Bedlington Terriers, named after the mining town of Bedlington, Northumberland in Northeast England, originated in the early 19th century. They were originally bred to hunt vermin in mines but eventually became popular as a companion dog for the upper class.

The Bedlington Terrier has a distinct appearance, resembling a lamb, but despite this cute facade, it was a capable hunter and worker in its early days. The AKC describes Terriers as “clever, feisty and fearless,” and the Bedlington is no exception. They were bred to hunt and kill vermin, which means they often exhibit a high prey drive.

Belgian Groenendael

The Belgian Groenendael, also known as the Belgian Sheepdog, is one of four varieties of Belgian herding dogs that originated in the late 19th century. The others include the Belgian Tervuren, the Belgian Malinois, and the Belgian Laekenois. Anatomically these breeds were the same, the difference lies in their coat textures, colors, and length. The Groenendael was named after the village of Groenendaal in Belgium, where its development as a distinct breed began. 

Belgian Groenendaels were initially bred to herd sheep, and their development was significantly influenced by Nicholas Rose, a breeder in the Groenendael region, who, in 1893, selected dogs that displayed the best working abilities and physical traits suitable for herding. By the 20th century, the Belgian Sheepdogs were used outside the pastures of Belgium in Paris and New York as police dogs. They were also employed as border patrol dogs looking for smugglers. During World War I they were used as messengers, ambulance dogs, and freighters of heavy gunnery.

Belgian Laekenois

The Belgian Laekenois (pronounced "Lak-in-wah") is one of four varieties of Belgian herding dogs, which include the Belgian Tervuren, Belgian Malinois, and Belgian Groenendael. Each breed was named for the area in Belgium where they were developed. The Laekenois was established in the area of Laeken, and was traditionally used as a herding dog and guard dog. These dogs were also used during both World Wars as messenger dogs and to pull ambulance carts and even machine guns.

Belgian Malinois

The Belgian Malinois is one of four Belgian sheepdogs that originated in Belgium in the late 19th century. These dogs, which also include the Belgian Tervuren, Belgian Groenendael, and Belgian Laekenois, were primarily used for herding and protecting livestock.

Belgian Malinois were first recognized as a distinct breed by the Club du Chien de Berger Belge in 1891, thanks to the efforts of a Belgian breeder named Adrien Janssens. The Malinois part of the breed name comes from the Belgian city of Malines.

Belgian Sheepdog

The Belgian Sheepdog, also known as the Belgian Shepherd or Groenendael, is one of the four varieties of sheepdogs native to Belgium. These varieties include the Groenendael, Laekenois, Tervuren, and Malinois, all named after the areas in Belgium from which they originated. 

The breed's roots trace back to the 1800s when they were used for herding and guarding livestock. They were prized for their intelligence, strength, and versatility, making them ideal working dogs. In the late 19th century, a professor of the Belgian School of Veterinary Sciences named Adolphe Reul began to classify these sheepdogs into distinct types, leading to the recognition of the Belgian Sheepdog as a specific breed.

Over the years, Belgian Sheepdogs have served in various roles including police dogs, search and rescue dogs, and even war dogs during both World Wars. Today, they are popular in dog sports, such as obedience, agility, and herding trials, and are also treasured as companion animals.

Belgian Tervuren

The Belgian Tervuren, often just referred to as the Tervuren, is one of the four varieties of Belgian sheepdogs, alongside the Malinois, Groenendael, and Laekenois. This breed originated in the late 19th century in Belgium and was developed for herding and guarding livestock.

The breed is named after the village of Tervuren, the home of master breeder M.F. Corbeel who extensively bred and developed the Tervuren. The breed became distinct from the other Belgian sheepdogs due to its long, dense coat and was first recognized as a distinct breed by the American Kennel Club in 1959.

Bergamasco Sheepdog

The Bergamasco Sheepdog has a deep-rooted history that dates back over 2000 years. Its origins can be traced back to the Italian Alps near Bergamo, which is where the breed gets its name. These dogs were bred to be working dogs and were primarily used as sheepherders. Their primary purpose was to guide and protect the sheep against predators. As a result, they developed to be intelligent and fiercely protective, traits that are still present in the breed today.

The Bergamasco nearly went extinct during the mid-20th century due to the decline in need for sheepherding dogs. However, a dedicated Italian breeder named Dr. Maria Andreoli played a crucial role in the breed's survival and subsequent propagation throughout Italy and eventually to other parts of the world.

Berger Picard

The Berger Picard, also known as the Picardy Shepherd, is a breed of dog that originates from France. They are named after the Picardie region in northeastern France where they were used by shepherds for centuries. It has close ties with other French herding breeds, such as the Briard and Beauceron. The breed nearly became extinct after the two World Wars but was saved from oblivion through the dedicated efforts of breed enthusiasts.

The Berger Picard was recognized by the United Kennel Club on January 1, 1994, and by the American Kennel Club (AKC) in 2015. According to the AKC, the Berger Picard falls within the herding group, reflecting their history as working dogs.

Bernese Mountain Dog

The Bernese Mountain Dog, also known as the Berner Sennenhund in its native Switzerland, is one of four types of Swiss Mountain Dogs and the only one with long hair. The breed's origins can be traced back over 2,000 years to when the Romans brought mastiff-type dogs to Switzerland, where they were used as working dogs on farms, for guarding property, and driving dairy cattle long distances from the farm to the alpine pastures. They got their name from the Canton of Bern in Switzerland where they were widely used.

Bichon Frisé

The Bichon Frisé is a small breed of dog that belongs to the Bichon family. This family also includes other breeds like the Maltese, Havanese, and Bolognese. The Bichon's roots trace back to the Mediterranean region, where dogs of this type were popular in Spain and Italy as far back as the 1300s. The Bichon Tenerife, a popular Canary Island breed among sailors, is the primary ancestor of today’s Bichon Frise. Eventually, the Bichon Frisé became a favorite among French nobility in the 16th century, during the reign of Francis I. By the 19th century, however, the breed's popularity had waned, and they were commonly seen as circus or street performance dogs. The breed's fortunes improved again in the 20th century, when French breeders took an interest and began refining the breed standard.

Bichon Havanais

The Bichon Havanais, also known as the Havanese, is a small dog breed that hails from Cuba, specifically from Havana, from which its name is derived.

The Havanese is the national dog of Cuba and the only breed native to the country. Its lineage can be traced back to the Bichon family of dogs, which were popular in the Mediterranean during the Middle Ages and made their way to various regions through trade, colonization, and other forms of cultural exchange.

The Havanese descended from the Blanquito de la Habana (little white dog of Havana), which itself was derived from the Bichon Tenerife. The breed was developed in the 19th century when it was kept as a companion dog by the Cuban aristocracy. During the Cuban Revolution in the 1950s, many Cubans who fled to the United States brought their beloved Havanese with them, saving the breed from potential extinction. From then on, the Havanese grew in popularity and was recognized by the American Kennel Club in 1996.

Biewer Terrier

The Biewer Terrier, also known as Biewer à la Pom Pon, Biewer Yorkie, or Biewer Yorkshire, is a relatively new breed that originated in Germany in 1984. The first documented black, white and tan Biewer puppy was born on on January 20, 1984 and was named Schneeflockchen von Friedheck.

The breed was created by Werner and Gertrud Biewer, German breeders who developed it from two Yorkshire Terriers. These dogs had a recessive piebald gene that led to a white, blue, and black coat, distinguishing them from the traditional Yorkie. Initially, the Biewers showed their dogs as Yorkshire Terriers, but the coloration led to a new breed standard and the birth of the Biewer Terrier

Billy

The Billy is a large hound-type breed that originated in France. The breed was created by a Frenchman named Gaston Hublot du Rivault in the 19th century, and was named after his home, Château de Billy, in Poitou. Billy dogs were initially bred to hunt in packs for large game such as deer and wild boar. They're the descendants of the now-extinct breeds such as Ceris and Montemboeuf. By the end of WWI, it was noted that only ten Billys were left in existence. Rivault's son sought to revive the breed and is said to have crossed them with Harriers, Porcelaines, and Poitevins as part of this effort.

Black And Tan Coonhound

The Black and Tan Coonhound is an American dog breed that traces its history back to the 1700s. George Washington, who was a dog lover and breeder, even received some of the first Coonhounds that were brought to America. These dogs were bred from the Talbot Hound, which was popular in England, and the Bloodhound, known for its exceptional sense of smell. The result was a dog adept at tracking game, particularly raccoons (hence the name), in diverse terrain and weather conditions.

Black Russian Terrier

The Black Russian Terrier (BRT), also known as the ""Chornyi Terrier,"" is a breed of working dog that originated in the Soviet Union. The BRT was primarily bred for military and police work, with the aim of creating a large, intelligent, and versatile working dog that could withstand Russia's harsh climate. The first breeding experiment that led to the creation of the BRT began in the 1930s, in a state-run Soviet military kennel called Red Star Kennel. The breed's foundation stock consisted of about seventeen breeds, including the Giant Schnauzer, Airedale Terrier, Rottweiler, and Newfoundland, among others. 

The BRT was recognized by the Russian Ministry of Agriculture in 1981. Internationally, it was first recognized by the Federation Cynologique Internationale (FCI) in 1984, the American Kennel Club (AKC) recognized it as a breed in 2004. Breed group classification varies between kennel clubs, but the AKC classifies the Black Russian Terrier under the Working Group, given the breed's history and abilities. The FCI places them in Group 2, which is for Pinscher and Schnauzer - Molossoid and Swiss Mountain and Cattledogs.

Bloodhound

The Bloodhound is one of the oldest breeds used for trailing and tracking. Their history traces back over a thousand years to monastic and feudal times in medieval Europe.

They were initially bred by monks in the Saint-Hubert Monastery in Belgium, which is why they're sometimes referred to as St. Hubert Hounds. They were then refined in England, and hence came to be known as Bloodhounds, reflecting the blooded, or noble, purity of the line. The breed is known for its exceptional tracking skills, even across great distances, and played a crucial role in the development of other tracking breeds.

Blue Gascony Basset

The Blue Gascony Basset, also known as the Basset Bleu de Gascogne, is a breed of dog known for its hunting prowess. This breed is mentioned in records as far back as the 12th century. Originating in France, it is derived from the larger hound breed called the Grand Bleu de Gascogne, but developed to be shorter and more compact for specialized hunting needs. They are known to hunt well both in a pack and on their own.

Blue Gascony Griffon

The Blue Gascony Griffon hails from the Gascony region of southwestern France. The breed is believed to be of very ancient Pyrenean origin and to have descended from crosses between the Grand Bleu de Gascogne and various griffon-type dogs. These dogs were developed to assist hunters in tracking and hunting game, particularly in rough or difficult terrain. They were bred for their intelligence, stamina, and excellent sense of smell. The breed is rare even in its home country of France, and it's even rarer in other parts of the world. Unfortunately, the exact details of the breed's history are somewhat unclear due to lack of thorough record-keeping.

Blue Picardy Spaniel

The Blue Picardy Spaniel, also known as the Epagneul Bleu de Picardie, resulted from breeding old French spaniels crossed with the Blue Belton English Setter and the Gordon Setter. The first black, blue/grey coated spaniel that came to symbolize the breed was first seen in 1875. The Blue Picardy Spaniel is classified as a different breed than the Picard Spaniel, specifically because of its skin color and distinctive coat. They were bred to retrieve during a hunt, and are known to love water. By the 1960s after World War II, the breed came close to disappearing. By 2003, the dedicated efforts of breeders finally came to fruition, and the Blue Picardy Spaniel outnumbered their cousin the Picardy Spaniel.

Bluetick Coonhound

The Bluetick Coonhound is an American breed that traces its lineage back to the English Foxhound and the French Staghound. These breeds were imported to the United States in the 17th and 18th centuries, and they were used as the foundation for several coonhound breeds. Specifically, Bluetick Coonhounds were recognized for their exceptional tracking and treeing skills in night hunts for raccoons.

Boerboel

The Boerboel is a large, muscular breed of dog from South Africa that has a rich history and distinctive personality traits. The breed's origins can be traced back to the mid-1600s. They were bred for guarding homesteads during colonial times, with their ancestors likely including a mix of native African breeds and European dogs brought by Dutch, French, and British settlers. The Boerboel's name itself means farmer's dog in Dutch/Afrikaans, reflecting their historical roles as protectors of people and properties. In South Africa, the Boerboel guarded the homestead from lions or baboons. Experts think breeds like the Bullenbijter and native African dogs were bred to create the Boerboel.

Bohemian Shepherd

The Bohemian Shepherd, also known as the Chodský Pes or the Chodenhund, is a breed that originated in the Czech Republic, specifically in the Bohemia region. Its history dates back to the 14th century, during the reign of King Charles IV. Originally, these dogs were used for border patrol by the Chodove people, who were the King's guards along the borders.

Bolognese

The Bolognese, named after the city of Bologna, Italy, where they originated, is a small breed known for its distinctive fluffy white coat. The Bolognese is an ancient breed with a history that traces back to the Roman Empire. Belonging to the Bichon family, which includes other breeds like the Bichon Frise and the Maltese, the Bolognese was a favored pet of the Italian nobility during the Renaissance. It was considered a symbol of wealth and nobility and often given as a precious gift among nobles and royals.

The breed almost became extinct in the 20th century but was saved by Italian breeders who were dedicated to preserving the breed. However, the breed remains relatively rare, even in its native Italy.

Bolonka

The Russkaya Tsvetnaya Bolonka breed, also called Bolonka for short, originated in Russia. The breed was developed in the mid-20th century, primarily in Moscow and Leningrad, where small, lap-sized dogs were in high demand among urban dwellers who lived in small apartments. These dogs were created from a mix of other small breeds including the Bichon, Shih Tzu, Pekingese, French Bulldog, and the Toy Terrier. After the fall of the Iron Curtain, these dogs became more internationally known and were gradually imported to other countries. As a result, Bolonkas can now be found around the world, although they remain a relatively rare breed.

Border Collie

The history of the Border Collie can be traced back to the British Isles, specifically the border region between Scotland and England, from which the breed takes its name (hence, 'Border' Collie). This breed was developed over hundreds of years, beginning in the Roman era and continuing through the Viking invasions, to meet the demands of farmers for a robust, agile, and intelligent herding dog. The Border Collie as we know it today emerged in the late 19th century, and its remarkable abilities were showcased by a dog named "Old Hemp" (1893-1901), considered the progenitor of the modern breed.

Border Terrier

The Border Terrier is a small, energetic breed known for its friendly nature and distinctive ""otter"" shaped head. These dogs are well-suited for a variety of environments, but originally come from the rugged border region between England and Scotland, hence their name. 

The Border Terrier's history traces back to the 18th century in the border region between England and Scotland. They were bred to be versatile working dogs, capable of keeping up with horses and hounds while hunting, and compact enough to chase and dispel foxes from their burrows. Their work included not only hunting but also guarding, and they were valued for their tenacity, courage, and intelligence.

Borzoi

The Borzoi, also known as the Russian Wolfhound, is a breed of domestic dog that originated in Russia. The breed's unique name "Borzoi" comes from the Russian word "borzyi," meaning "swift."  The Borzoi breed has a long and rich history dating back to the 17th century in its native Russia. The Russian aristocracy bred them for hundreds of years, using them in large packs for wolf hunting, a sport popular among the nobility. During the Russian Revolution, the breed nearly went extinct due to its association with the aristocracy. However, enthusiasts managed to preserve the breed, and it later gained popularity in other countries, including the United States and the UK

Boston Terrier

Boston Terriers, also known as Boston Bulls, are a breed of dog originating in the United States. This American Gentleman was accepted in 1893 by the American Kennel Club as a non-sporting breed. Their origins trace back to the late 19th century when coachmen of the wealthy people in Boston started to interbreed some of the dogs owned by their employers. They were a mix of English Bulldogs and white English Terriers, which are now extinct.

These early progenitors went through various breeding programs to reduce their size without sacrificing their good nature and sturdy build. One particular dog named Judge, owned by a man named Robert C. Hooper, is considered the ancestor of virtually all true modern Boston Terriers.

Bourbonnais Pointing Dog

The Braque du Bourbonnais (pronounced brock-do-bor-bon-NAY) is a versatile hunting dog breed originating from France. Their name derives from the French region of Bourbonnais, where they were historically bred for hunting game birds. The Bourbonnais Pointing Dog dates back to at least the 16th century, where it was first documented in a detailed description by French naturalist Jacques du Fouilloux in his book La Venerie (1561). The breed's origins are murky, but it's believed to have evolved from ancient pointing dogs native to France.

The breed went through a period of decline in the early 20th century due to World War I and the subsequent focus on breed standards, which prioritized appearance over function. However, a revival effort was initiated in the 1970s by a group of dedicated French breeders, led by Michel Comte. They focused on restoring the breed's natural hunting abilities, versatility, and rustic appearance, prioritizing function over aesthetics.

Bouvier Des Ardennes

The Bouvier des Ardennes originated in Belgium, specifically the Ardennes region, and is considered one of the oldest Belgian dog breeds. The breed's history dates back to the medieval times, where it was bred primarily for herding and guarding livestock. Despite their historical significance, the breed almost went extinct after World War II, due to the devastation that swept across Europe, and the fact that industrialization reduced the demand for herding dogs. However, thanks to the dedicated efforts of breed enthusiasts, the breed was slowly rebuilt.

Bouvier Des Flandres

The Bouvier Des Flandres, or Bouvier, is a large herding dog breed that originated in the Flanders region of Belgium. Their exact lineage isn't clear, but they're thought to have been developed from a mix of local farm dogs and imported breeds during the Medieval period. These dogs were used by farmers to herd cattle and pull carts, and they were also employed in a variety of other roles, such as police and military dogs, due to their versatility and intelligence.

The breed nearly became extinct during the two World Wars due to the devastation of their home region, but dedicated breeders managed to revive them.

Boxer

The Boxer breed has a rich history dating back to the 19th century. The breed was developed in Germany from the now extinct Bullenbeisser, a dog of Mastiff descent, and Bulldogs brought from Great Britain. The Bullenbeisser had been working as a hunting dog for centuries, employed in the pursuit of bear, wild boar, and deer. The goal in developing the Boxer breed was to create a medium-sized security dog that could also be used for herding. The breed was introduced to the United States in the early 20th century and was recognized by the American Kennel Club (AKC) in 1904. During World War II, Boxers were valuable messenger dogs, pack-carriers, attack dogs, and guard dogs.

Boykin Spaniel

The Boykin Spaniel breed traces its roots to the United States, South Carolina specifically, in the early 20th century. The breed's development is credited to a man named Whitaker Boykin, and hence, the breed's name. The original purpose for breeding this dog was to create a sturdy and energetic hunting companion capable of retrieving wild turkeys and waterfowl in the swampy terrains of South Carolina. The Boykin's ancestors are reported to include the Chesapeake Bay Retriever, the Cocker, Springer, and American Water Spaniels, and possibly a stray, unidentified spaniel-type breed.

Bracco Italiano

The Bracco Italiano, also known as the Italian Pointer, is a breed of dog developed in Italy as a versatile gun dog. The breed has a rich history that dates back to the 4th or 5th century B.C. It is believed to have descended from dogs used by the ancient Egyptians, who traded them with the Phoenicians. From there, the breed made its way to the Mediterranean, where it was further developed in Italy. It's one of the oldest pointing breeds known, and its history can be traced back to Renaissance Italy, where it was bred to be an excellent hunting dog, used for pointing and retrieving game. Famous Italian nobles and even Leonardo Da Vinci are said to have kept and praised the breed.

Brazilian Terrier

The Brazilian Terrier, also known as Terrier Brasileiro, is one of only two dog breeds native to Brazil. The breed's origins trace back to the 19th century when Brazilian students studying in Europe (primarily England and France) brought back small, energetic terriers, likely including Jack Russell Terriers and Fox Terriers. These dogs were bred with local Brazilian dogs, leading to the development of the Brazilian Terrier breed. The breed was officially recognized by the Brazilian Kennel Club in 1964 and is now well-known in Brazil, yet remains relatively uncommon elsewhere.

Briard

The Briard dog breed is a very old breed of large herding dogs, originally from France. Historically, they were used to herd and protect flocks of sheep. The breed's origins go back to the 8th century, and it was recognized in the 19th century. Briards played an active role during both World Wars, being used by the French army as sentinels, ammunition carriers, and search and rescue dogs.

Brittany Spaniel

The Brittany dog breed, often referred to as the Brittany Spaniel, is an enthusiastic and high-energy breed known for its exceptional hunting abilities and friendly disposition. The breed originated in the Brittany region of France in the mid to late 1800s, where it was bred as a hunting and retrieving dog.

The breed's ancestors are believed to be a mix of local French Spaniels and English Setters, combining the best traits of both for exceptional hunting skills. The first Brittany was registered in France in 1907. The breed gained popularity in the United States in the early 20th century, particularly among hunters, and was recognized by the AKC in 1934.

Broholmer

The Broholmer, also known as the Danish Broholmer, is a large and powerful dog breed originating from Denmark. The breed has a long history in the country, dating back to the Middle Ages, when it was used as a hunting dog for large game and a guard dog for noble estates. In the 19th century, a resurgence in interest for the breed was sparked by Count Sehested of Broholm, leading to the breed's current name. However, the two World Wars and interwar periods significantly impacted the Broholmer population, nearly leading to its extinction. Dedicated breed enthusiasts initiated a recovery program in the 1970s using a surviving population. The breed has slowly regained its numbers, although it remains relatively rare outside of Denmark.

Brussels Griffon

The Brussels Griffon is a breed that originated in Belgium in the 19th century. Its lineage is believed to include the Affenpinscher, the Pug, and the English Toy Spaniel. The breed was originally used to hunt and kill vermin in stables, thus earning their keep. As they became known, their charming personalities quickly made them popular as companion dogs.

In the late 19th and early 20th century, these dogs gained recognition and popularity, even reaching royal status when they were owned by Queen Marie Henriette of Belgium. They were first shown at the Brussels Exhibition of 1880 and thereafter were exported to England and the United States, where they were officially recognized by the American Kennel Club (AKC) in 1910.

Bull Terrier

The Bull Terrier breed originated in Britain in the early 19th century. Initially bred for bull baiting, a popular form of entertainment in the 1800s, the breed was created by crossing the Old English Bulldog and the Old English Terrier. Once bull baiting was banned, breeders aimed to create a smaller, more agile, and sociable breed, which resulted in the creation of the modern Bull Terrier we know today. 

Bullmastiff

The Bullmastiff is a large-sized breed of domestic dog with a solid build and a short muzzle. They are a part of the Working Group as classified by various kennel clubs. The Bullmastiff's history dates back to the mid-19th century in England. During that time, gamekeepers needed a large, quiet, fearless dog that could assist with keeping poachers away from large estates. They desired a dog that could track quietly, cover short distances quickly, and pin and hold poachers without mauling them. The result was the Bullmastiff, a dog that was approximately 60% Mastiff and 40% Bulldog.

Cairn Terrier

The Cairn Terrier originated in the Highlands of Scotland, and the Isle of Skye in particular. The breed has been recognized since the 1600s and was one of Scotland's original terrier breeds. Their primary purpose was to assist farmers by hunting and chasing away vermin, foxes, and other small predators from cairns, which are piles of stones that serve as fences or boundaries on Scottish farms—thus, the breed's name.

These small, hardy dogs were bred for their working ability rather than their appearance. It was not until the early 20th century that the Cairn Terrier began to be bred as a separate breed from the other Scottish terriers.

Canaan Dog

The Canaan Dog is a fascinating breed, steeped in ancient history and known for its rugged endurance, intelligence, and loyalty. The Canaan Dog is one of the oldest and most primitive dog breeds in existence. These dogs can be traced back to biblical times, over 4000 years ago, where they were used as herders and guardians by the Israelites in the land of Canaan. This land was situated in the territory of the southern Levant.

During the time of the Roman Empire's conquest of Israel, many of these dogs were left behind and turned feral, surviving in the desert for centuries. In the 1930s, Dr. Rudolphina Menzel, a cynologist, was tasked by the Haganah (a Jewish paramilitary organization) to develop a service dog for their forces. Menzel chose to work with the semi-wild pariah dogs (Canaan dogs) found in the Negev desert. Over time, these dogs were domesticated and trained as service dogs for military tasks such as detecting mines and working as sentinels.

Canary Mastiff

The Canary Mastiff, also known as Dogo Canario or Perro de Presa Canario, is a large Molosser-type dog breed that originated in the Canary Islands of Spain. Its lineage traces back to dogs brought to the islands by Spanish conquistadors and settlers in the 15th and 16th centuries, which interbred with local breeds. Historically, they were used for herding cattle and for protection against wild dogs and predators. The Perro de Presa Canario had a bit of a revival in the late 20th century after a decline, with breeders in the 1970s and 1980s taking great care to restore the breed's numbers and maintain its distinctive traits. By 2001, the United Kennel Club (UKC) recognized the breed.

Cardigan Welsh Corgi

Cardigan Welsh Corgis are believed to have descended from the Swedish Vallhund, a spitz-type herding dog that was brought to Wales by the Vikings around the 9th century. The breed's name Corgi derives from the Welsh words cor, meaning dwarf, and gi,meaning dog. However, the American Kennel Club (AKC) states that the word “corgi,” originally “kergie,” is ancient Celtic for “dog”.

These dogs were prized for their herding, guarding, and companion skills. Cardigans are the older of the two corgi breeds and are known for their long tails, distinguishing them from their cousins, the Pembroke Welsh Corgis. They are hardworking, spirited, and dependable dogs. Their history and breed characteristics make them well-suited to active households where they can exercise both their bodies and minds.

Carolina Dog

The Carolina Dog, also known as the American Dingo, is a medium-sized sighthound breed that is native to North America. These dogs have been around for thousands of years and have a fascinating history. Archeologists have found documentation of ceremonial burials of these dogs with primitive Southwest Indian artifacts in southeastern forested woodlands of North America. It is believed they descended from Asian pariah dogs that were brought to North America across the Bering land bridge around 9,000 years ago.

For a long time, Carolina Dogs lived in the wild, mainly in the southeastern United States. They were identified as a breed in the 1970s when a biologist, Dr. I. Lehr Brisbin Jr., noticed these dogs along a river site in South Carolina. He found them to be a unique and primitive breed, different from other North American dog breeds.

Catahoula Leopard Dog

The Catahoula Leopard Dog, also known as the Louisiana Catahoula Leopard Dog, is an American dog breed named after Catahoula Parish, Louisiana, in the United States. This breed is believed to have descended from war dogs brought to Louisiana by Hernando de Soto in the 16th century, with a mix of local dogs used by Native American populations. Over time, these dogs were further bred with Greyhounds, Mastiffs, and Bloodhounds, among others, resulting in the Catahoula we see today. Catahoulas are known for their unique appearance, which often includes a strikingly patterned coat (sometimes likened to a leopard's spots) and eyes that can be any color or combination of colors.

Catalan Sheepdog

The Catalan (Catalonia) Sheepdog, also known as the Gos d'Atura Català or Perro de Pastor Catalán, originated in Catalonia, Spain. The breed's origins can be traced back to ancient times, when it is believed that the Celts brought their herding dogs with them to the Iberian Peninsula. These dogs were then bred with other local breeds, resulting in the development of the Catalan Sheepdog we know today. This breed has been used for centuries to help herd and protect flocks of sheep in the Pyrenees mountains. 

The Catalan Sheepdog was recognized as a distinct breed in 1929, and it was first exhibited at the Barcelona International Dog Show in 1933. However, the breed suffered a decline in numbers during the Spanish Civil War and World War II, and it was not until the 1970s that efforts were made to revive the breed. 

Caucasian Ovcharka

The Caucasian Ovcharka, also known as the Caucasian Shepherd Dog, has an ancient lineage that dates back at least 2,000 years. This breed hails from the Caucasus Mountain regions, including countries like Russia, Georgia, Azerbaijan, and Armenia. The exact history of the Caucasian Shepherd Dog is not well-documented, but it is believed to have originated from ancient Molossian dogs that were brought to the Caucasus region by Greek and Roman armies. Over time, the breed developed into several distinct regional types, each with their own unique characteristics. Historically, the Caucasian Ovcharka was used to protect livestock from large predators such as wolves and bears. The breed's endurance, strength, and fearless nature were perfectly suited to the harsh, mountainous environment of its homeland.

Caucasian Shepherd Dog

Cavalier King Charles Spaniel

The Cavalier King Charles Spaniel is a small dog breed that is highly revered for its elegant looks, engaging personality, and warm-hearted affection. They were named after King Charles II of England as they were a favorite breed in the royal court during the 16th and 17th centuries. They were bred to keep the ladies of the court warm and were also used as lap and foot warmers. The Cavalier we know today was created in the early 20th century by American breeders who wanted to recreate the type of spaniel frequently seen in paintings from the Renaissance era.

Central Asian Shepherd

The Central Asian Shepherd Dog (CASD), also known as the Alabai, Aziat, and Central Asian Ovcharka, is one of the oldest and most natural breeds in existence today. It is a large and powerful breed of dog that originated in the Central Asian region, including countries like Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, and Tajikistan. These dogs were traditionally used to protect livestock and property, and they have a natural instinct to guard and defend their people and territory. The breed's history stretches back over 4,000 years, when they were first used by nomadic tribes for hunting, herding, and protection. They were highly valued for their ability to protect flocks of sheep and goats from predators like wolves and bears, and their courage and loyalty made them prized companions for their owners. Over time, the CASD became a popular breed throughout Central Asia, and they continued to be bred for their size, strength, and protective instincts. Today, they are still widely used as working dogs, but they are also kept as pets and are recognized as a distinct breed by several kennel clubs around the world. Central Asian Shepherds are known for their thick, fluffy coats, which come in a variety of colors, including white, black, gray, and fawn. They are also characterized by their large, muscular bodies, broad heads, and strong jaws.

Cesky Fousek

The Cesky Fousek, also known as the Bohemian Wirehaired Pointing Griffon, is a versatile hunting dog breed that hails from the Czech Republic. The breed's history traces back to the 19th century where they were used for tracking, pointing, retrieving, and even flushing out game birds. The breed almost faced extinction during World War I and II, due to lack of breeding efforts and the devastation that Europe faced during these times.

Post-WWII, a group of Czech breeders set out to restore the Cesky Fousek, mainly using the few remaining dogs of the breed and possibly with the infusion of German Wirehaired Pointers and other pointing breeds. This effort has been successful, and while still not numerous, the Cesky Fousek has a secure place as a beloved national breed of the Czech Republic. However, the breed remains rare outside its homeland.

Cesky Terrier

The Cesky Terrier, or Bohemian Terrier, originated in the Czech Republic and is a relatively recent addition to the dog breed repertoire. The breed was developed in the mid-20th century by a Czech breeder, František Horák, a geneticist by profession. Horák sought to create a terrier breed that was more amicable and easier to handle than some of the more traditional terrier breeds. Using the Sealyham Terrier and the Scottish Terrier, he selectively bred these two breeds to develop the Cesky Terrier, first recognized in 1963.

Chesapeake Bay Retriever

The Chesapeake Bay Retriever is a breed of dog that was developed in the United States, specifically around the Chesapeake Bay area during the 19th century. The breed has a unique history; it's believed to have originated from two puppies that were rescued from a shipwrecked vessel off the coast of Maryland in 1807.

These puppies, named Sailor and Canton, were described as Newfoundland dogs, though some believe they might have been lesser Newfoundland or St. John's water dogs. These dogs were noted for their excellent retrieving abilities and were subsequently bred with local dogs, which possibly included English Otter Hounds, Flat-Coated Retrievers, and Curly-Coated Retrievers, resulting in the breed we know today as the Chesapeake Bay Retriever.

Chihuahua (Smooth Coat and Long Coat)

The Chihuahua is one of the oldest breeds of the Americas, with its origins traced back to the ancient civilizations of Mexico. The breed is named after the Mexican state of Chihuahua, where the earliest specimens of the breed were discovered in the mid-19th century. Ancient artifacts from various Mexican civilizations, including the Toltec and Aztec societies, depict small dogs that closely resemble modern Chihuahuas, suggesting that this breed has a rich and extensive history.

It's believed that these dogs were kept for religious purposes and were considered sacred. With the arrival of the Spanish, many of these native dogs were nearly wiped out, but some survived in remote villages, eventually being discovered by American tourists in the 19th century. The breed quickly gained popularity in the United States and was recognized by the American Kennel Club (AKC) in 1904.

Chinese Crested (Hairless and Powderpuff)

While the precise origins of the Chinese Crested are not well documented, there is a consensus that they are one of the oldest dog breeds in existence. The Chinese Crested has a fascinating history that can be traced back to large, hairless dogs in Africa. These dogs were then bred to be smaller by the Chinese, who used them as ratters on ships during long voyages. The breed was not exclusively Chinese, however, as similar dogs were found all over the trading routes in Central and South America, Asia, and Africa.

Chinook

Arthur Walden, a dog driver and adventurer, developed the Chinook breed in New Hampshire, USA, during the early 20th century. He wanted a sled dog that was powerful yet gentle and friendly, suitable for family life. He used a cross between a mastiff, St. Bernard type, and a Greenland Husky for the breed's foundation stock. Walden named the breed ""Chinook"" after his lead sled dog, who was himself a mix of a large husky-type male and a farm dog female.

Walden's Chinook dogs played a significant role in the first Byrd Antarctic expedition in 1928. However, the breed was listed as the rarest in the world by the Guinness Book of World Records in the 1960s. It wasn't until the late 20th and early 21st century that devoted breeders managed to revive the breed, leading to its recognition by the United Kennel Club in 1991 and the American Kennel Club (AKC) in 2013. 

Chow Chow

The Chow Chow breed, also known as Songshi Quan (Pinyin: sōngshī quǎn 鬆獅犬), meaning puffy-lion dog, is one of the oldest dog breeds in the world, tracing its lineage back more than 2,000 years to ancient China. Originating in northern China, the breed was used for various purposes, including hunting, herding, and protection. The breed's plush coat served as insulation in cold climates, and their hunting skills made them invaluable to the ancient Chinese societies.

The breed's name Chow Chow is believed to have originated from the British merchant ships in the 18th century that brought various items from the East to Europe, including these dogs.

Cirneco dell’Etna

The Cirneco dell’Etna is an ancient dog breed from the island of Sicily, Italy. Its existence can be traced back more than 2,500 years, making it one of the oldest dog breeds known to man. Dogs that look like the Cirnechi were seen on Sicilian coins as far back as 500 B.C., yet some say the breed's origins include Libya. These dogs were initially used by Sicilians to hunt rabbits and game, known for their exceptional stamina and agility on rugged terrain around the Mt. Etna region, hence their name.

Clumber Spaniel

The Clumber Spaniel is one of the oldest spaniel breeds. According to the American Kennel Club (AKC), the Clumber is believed to have originated in France. However, the history is quite muddled, and evidence of the breed is more clear in the late 1700s when the Duke of Newcastle's gamekeeper, William Mansell, worked with the duke to develop a "burly spaniel" for gaming. Some speculate that the breed they created was the result of crossing Basset Hounds, Alpine Spaniels, and possibly even St. Bernards. The Clumber Spaniel became popular among the royalty of England, with Prince Albert, King George V, and Edward VII all known to have kept Clumber Spaniels.

Cocker Spaniel

Cocker Spaniels, recognized by the American Kennel Club (AKC) in 1946, trace their roots back to Spain. As part of the spaniel family, they were initially bred for bird flushing and retrieving, especially for the game known as woodcock—thus, their name "Cocker" (AKC). Their popularity boomed after World War II, thanks to the publicity they received from various celebrities, including President Richard Nixon, who owned a Cocker Spaniel named Checkers. The breed's popularity has remained steady, with these dogs being valued for both companionship and show.

Collie (Rough and Smooth)

The Collie is a dog breed that originated in the Highlands of Scotland and Northern England. The breed was originally used for herding sheep and cattle, a task for which they are still renowned. It's believed that the name "Collie" derived from the word "colley," which was a type of sheep with black faces that the Collie's ancestors herded. Queen Victoria's love of the Collie is said to have made a great impact on the breed's popularity. During her stays at Scotland's Balmoral Castle, the Collie was in the spotlight and became well-known among her subjects. The Collie's ancestors were believed to have come to Scotland via the Romans when they sought to take over Britain during the 1st century CE. Over time, these dogs were likely bred with other local dogs, eventually giving rise to the modern breed of Collie we know today. 

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